Bacterial antibiotic resistance in ravens
Vladimír Kmeť, Zuzana Drugdová
The study focused on bacterial antimicrobial resistance in ravens, an important epidemiological aspect due to their behaviour and ecology. A total of 130 E. coli strains were tested for resistance and virulence. Strains with higher MIC values against cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were selected for the detection of beta-lactamase genes (CTX-M, CMY), plasmid quinolone resistance qnrS, integrase 1 and virulence factors for avian pathogenic E. coli (iutA, cvaC, iss, tsh, ibeA, papC, kpsII). The genes CTX-M1, CMY-2, integrase 1, papC, cvaC and iutA were detected in one E. coli strain and qnrS, integrase 1, iss, cvaC and tsh in the other E. coli strain. DNA microarray analysis revealed the absence of verotoxin and enterotoxin genes. The results suggest that ravens may not only serve as a reservoir of resistant and virulent E. coli for the human population, but may also transmit these strains over long distances.
KMEŤ, Vladimír – DRUGDOVÁ, Zuzana – KMEŤOVÁ, Marta – STANKO, Michal. Virulence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from rooks. In Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2013, vol.20, no.2, p.273-275. (2012: 3.060 – IF, Q1 – JCR, 0.459 – SJR, karentované – CCC). (2013 – Current Contents). ISSN 1232-1966.
Isolation of S. nepalensis from bat guano
Anna Vandžurová, Peter Javorský, Peter Pristaš
Analysis of a 6-year-old guano sample from a summer colony of big-eared and long-eared bats (Myotis myotis and M. blythii) showed that Staphylococcus nepalensis was the dominant culturable bacterial species in this environment. This species is known to be a pathogen of both animals and humans. The isolates obtained showed the presence of several virulence factors, in particular capsule formation and resistance to several antibiotics. This is the first evidence of S. nepalensis in bat guano and the results obtained suggest that guano accumulated in human dwellings may pose a significant health risk.
VANDŽUROVÁ, Anna – BAČKOR, P. – JAVORSKÝ, Peter – PRISTAŠ, Peter. Staphylococcus nepalensis in the guano of bats (Mammalia). In Veterinary Microbiology, 2013, vol., 164, p. 116-121. (2012: 3.127 – IF, Q1 – JCR, 1.441 – SJR, Q1 – SJR, karentované – CCC). (2013 – Current Contents). ISSN 0378-1135.
Polo-Like kinase 1 (Plk1) content analysis
Vladimír Baran, Veronika Kovaříková, Pavol Rehák
Initial analysis of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) levels during the first mitotic cycle of the mouse embryo showed an increase in Plk1 levels during S-phase and a subsequent decrease during embryo cell division. Enzymatic activation of Plk1 was detected in both primordia (male and female) of the single-celled embryo just before the disintegration of the primordial envelope at the onset of mitosis. At this stage of the cell cycle, the activated form of Plk1 was localised in both primordia and also in MTOCs (centrosomal structures of sex cells and early embryos). During metaphase, Plk1 accumulated mainly at the poles of the dividing spindle and partly on the surface of fused chromosomes. Experiments showed that inhibition of Plk1 activity did not lead to the formation of a monopolar dividing spindle as in the somatic cell, but caused considerable disorganisation of the microtubular structures of the bipolar spindle and dislocation of chromosomes. Embryos with inhibited Plk1 activity entered the first mitotic division, but this was subsequently arrested at the metaphase stage. This block in mitosis could not be overcome by blocking the SAC (cytokinesis entry checkpoint). Time-lapse analysis (continuous cell tracking) revealed the dynamics of segregating condensed chromosomes in embryos with blocked Plk1 activity. These results document that Plk1 kinase is not essential for the initiation of the first mitotic cycle of the pre-implantation embryo, but its activity is crucial for the progression of this cycle.
BARAN, Vladimír – ŠOLC, Peter – KOVAŘÍKOVÁ, Veronika – REHÁK, Pavol – ŠUTOVSKÝ, P. Polo-like kinase 1 is essential for the first mitotic division in the mouse embryo. In Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2013, vol. 80, p. 522-534. (2012: 2.812 – IF, Q2 – JCR, 1.119 – SJR, Q2 – SJR, karentované – CCC). (2013 – Current Contents). ISSN 1040-452X.